A confined space is a place which is substantially enclosed (though not always entirely), and where serious injury can occur from hazardous substances or conditions within the space or nearby (e.g. lack of oxygen). Describe the main hazards when working in a confined space, these should include toxic atmospheres resulting from hazardous substances, oxygen deficiency, oxygen enrichment, flammable or explosive atmospheres, flowing liquid or free flowing solids, excessive heat etc

After identifying the hazards within the confined space the risk assessment should ensure adequate risk controls and safety considerations to include training, permit to work, ventilation, testing and monitoring for gas etc, isolation of work equipment, use RPE and PPE, communication, access and egress, emergency procedures, supervision etc